Step 1: Slice the Chicken Into Cutlets - Place each chicken breast flat on a cutting board and hold it steady with one hand. With a sharp knife in your other hand, carefully slice through the breast horizontally to create two thinner pieces. You should end up with four cutlets that are close to one half inch thick. Even thickness is important because it helps every piece cook at roughly the same speed. If one end is much thicker than the other, gently pound it with a meat mallet or the bottom of a sturdy skillet until it is more even.
Step 2: Dry and Coat the Chicken - Pat every chicken cutlet dry with paper towels. This might feel like a small detail, but dry chicken browns much better than damp chicken. Place the flour on a shallow plate, then press each cutlet into it so both sides receive a thin, even coating. Lift the chicken and gently shake away the extra flour. You are not trying to create a thick breading here. A light dusting is enough to give the surface a delicate crust and help the sauce cling later.
Step 3: Brown the Chicken - Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Give the oil a moment to warm before adding the chicken. When the chicken touches the pan, you should hear a steady sizzle. Arrange the cutlets in a single layer without crowding them. Cook for about four to five minutes on the first side, then turn each piece and cook the second side for another four to five minutes. The surface should look golden and lightly crisp. Transfer the chicken to a clean plate while you prepare the sauce.
Step 4: Melt the Butter and Cook the Garlic - Keep the skillet over medium heat and add the butter. As it melts, use a wooden spoon to move it around the pan and pick up some of the browned flour left behind. Add the minced garlic and stir constantly for about thirty seconds. The garlic should smell warm and fragrant, but it should not turn dark brown. Garlic can go from fragrant to bitter quickly, so stay close to the stove during this brief step.
Step 5: Add the Fresh Lemon Juice - Pour the lemon juice into the skillet. It may bubble right away, which is exactly what you want. Use your wooden spoon or spatula to gently scrape the bottom of the pan. Those golden browned bits contain a lot of the savory chicken flavor, and loosening them gives the sauce a richer taste. Continue stirring until the bottom of the skillet feels mostly smooth.
Step 6: Build the Pan Sauce - Slowly pour in the chicken broth while stirring. Adding it gradually helps the flour and browned bits blend into the liquid instead of forming little lumps. Stir in the salt and black pepper, then let the sauce come to a gentle simmer. Avoid cranking the heat too high. A steady simmer gives the liquid time to reduce and develop a smooth, glossy consistency without disappearing too quickly.
Step 7: Finish Cooking the Chicken - Return the browned chicken cutlets to the skillet and tuck them into the sauce. Spoon a little of the liquid over the tops so every piece gets coated. Let the chicken simmer gently for about four minutes, or until it is completely cooked and reaches an internal temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit. The exact time can vary based on the thickness of your cutlets, so a kitchen thermometer is the easiest way to check. The sauce should lightly coat the back of a spoon.
Step 8: Garnish and Serve - Remove the skillet from the heat. Sprinkle fresh chopped parsley and a little lemon zest over the chicken, then add lemon wedges around the pan or serving platter. Let the chicken rest for a couple of minutes before serving. This gives the juices inside the meat a chance to settle and allows the sauce to thicken slightly. Spoon plenty of sauce over each serving, especially when you have mashed potatoes, noodles, or rice waiting underneath.