Step 1: Add the Potatoes - Place the peeled, cubed russet potatoes in a 6 quart slow cooker. Try to keep the pieces close to the same size so they become tender at roughly the same time. One inch cubes are a good target. You do not need to be exact with a ruler here. This is soup, not a woodworking project. Just avoid leaving a few giant pieces mixed in with tiny ones because that can give you uneven texture later.
Step 2: Layer in the Onion and Garlic - Scatter the thinly sliced onion and minced garlic over the potatoes. There is no need to sauté either one first. During the long cooking time, the onion softens into the broth and the sharpness of the raw garlic mellows out. This is one of those moments when the slow cooker saves you a skillet and several extra minutes at the stove, which I will happily take on a busy day.
Step 3: Pour in the Soup and Broth - Pour the condensed French onion soup and beef broth over the potatoes and onions. Give everything a gentle stir so the condensed soup begins mixing into the broth. Do not worry if it does not look especially creamy or impressive yet. At this stage you are building the savory base, and the potatoes will release starch as they cook.
Step 4: Season the Broth - Add the Worcestershire sauce, dried thyme, garlic powder, onion powder, kosher salt, and black pepper. Stir again so the seasonings are distributed throughout the liquid. I like to keep the salt fairly conservative here because several ingredients already bring plenty of savory seasoning. It is much easier to add another pinch at the table than it is to rescue an oversalted pot of soup.
Step 5: Add the Butter and Slow Cook - Place the butter over the top, cover the slow cooker, and cook on LOW for 6 to 7 hours or on HIGH for 3 to 4 hours. The soup is ready for the next step when the potatoes are extremely tender and a fork slides into them with almost no resistance. If they still feel firm in the middle, give them more time. Soft potatoes are what allow you to create that creamy base without using flour or another thickener.
Step 6: Mash Some of the Potatoes - Use a potato masher to mash about one third to one half of the potatoes directly in the slow cooker. This is where the soup changes right in front of you. The mashed potatoes release even more starch and thicken the broth, while the pieces you leave alone give each bowl a hearty texture. Do not get carried away and mash everything smooth. Those soft potato chunks are one of the best parts.
Step 7: Stir in the Creamy Finish - In a small bowl, stir the heavy cream and sour cream together until smooth. Add that mixture to the slow cooker and stir gently until it disappears into the broth. Mixing the two dairy ingredients first helps the sour cream blend more evenly instead of leaving little white pockets throughout the soup. At this point the broth should look noticeably lighter, thicker, and creamier.
Step 8: Melt in the Gruyère - Add the 1½ cups of freshly shredded Gruyère a handful at a time, stirring gently after each addition. Give each handful a chance to melt before adding more. This gradual approach helps the cheese melt smoothly into the hot soup instead of clumping together. Keep the heat gentle. You want silky melted cheese, not a hard boil.
Step 9: Warm the Soup Gently - Cover the slow cooker again and cook on LOW for another 10 to 15 minutes, just until everything is hot and the cheese has completely melted. Do not allow the soup to boil. Once dairy and cheese are involved, aggressive heat can make the texture grainy. This last little stretch is also a good time to set out bowls and call everyone to the table for the third time.
Step 10: Add the Croutons and Cheese - Ladle the hot soup into bowls and top each serving with garlic croutons and some of the remaining shredded Gruyère. I like adding the cheese while the soup is piping hot so it starts melting immediately around the croutons. Finish with fresh thyme or chopped parsley and serve right away while the croutons still have some crunch.